Cryptography: Verify file integrity with md5 hash checksum

Checksum is used to verify the data integrity of files. It can be used to detect errors while transmitting data between devices or over the internet. The checksum functions as a digital fingerprint of a file. Computer programs like md5sum and sha256sum calculate and verify checksum. md5sum calculates and verifies 128-bit MD5 hashes and sha1sum … Read more

GPG: Encryption, Decryption & Digital Signature with Public & Private Key [A Complete Tutorial]

GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG or GPG) is a free cryptographic software that can secure data transfer and communication between two parties by encrypting, signing and verifying data. Public Key Cryptography GnuPG uses public-key cryptography to communicate securely between two parties. In a public-key system, each user has a pair of keys: a private key and … Read more

Cryptography: Public-key Encryption & Digital Signature

History Public-key encryption makes key-management much easier. It was invented in 1976 by two Stanford mathematicians, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman. Their discovery can be phrased simply: enciphering schemes should be asymmetric. For thousands of years all ciphers were symmetric—the key for encrypting a message was identical to the key for decrypting it, but used, … Read more